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期刊论文 8

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干预策略 1

神经系统功能紊乱 1

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Neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19: potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion from

Zhengqian Li, Taotao Liu, Ning Yang, Dengyang Han, Xinning Mi, Yue Li, Kaixi Liu, Alain Vuylsteke, Hongbing Xiang, Xiangyang Guo

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 533-541 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0786-5

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic in only 3 months. In addition to major respiratory distress, characteristic neurological manifestations are also described, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 may be an underestimated opportunistic pathogen of the brain. Based on previous studies of neuroinvasive human respiratory coronaviruses, it is proposed that after physical contact with the nasal mucosa, laryngopharynx, trachea, lower respiratory tract, alveoli epithelium, or gastrointestinal mucosa, SARS-CoV-2 can induce intrinsic and innate immune responses in the host involving increased cytokine release, tissue damage, and high neurosusceptibility to COVID-19, especially in the hypoxic conditions caused by lung injury. In some immune-compromised individuals, the virus may invade the brain through multiple routes, such as the vasculature and peripheral nerves. Therefore, in addition to drug treatments, such as pharmaceuticals and traditional Chinese medicine, non-pharmaceutical precautions, including facemasks and hand hygiene, are critically important.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)     SARS-CoV-2     neurological manifestations     neuroinvasion     brain    

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Atypical manifestations of acute coronary syndrome — throat discomfort: a multi-center observational

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 651-658 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0859-0

摘要： To present the clinical characteristics and the misdiagnosis rate of acute coronary syndrome manifested primarily as throat discomfort, we conducted a multicentric and retrospective study in the cardiology and otorhinolaryngology departments. Records of patients with primary complaint of throat discomfort, absence of chest pain at onset, and an ultimate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, as well as patients with pharyngitis (as controls) were collected from May 2015 to April 2016. The patients’ main manifestations were compared. Logistic regression results showed that chest tightness, dyspnea, perspiring, and exertional throat symptoms were significantly associated with acute coronary syndrome, with odds ratios of 8.3 (95% CI 2.2−31.5), 10.9 (95% CI 1.8−66.9), 25.4 (95% CI 3.6−179.9), and 81.2 (95% CI 13.0−506.7). A total of 25 (56.82%) out of 44 acute coronary syndrome patients, who were first admitted to the otorhinolaryngology department, were misdiagnosed, with a 12% (3/25) mortality rate. Throat discomfort can be the principal manifestation of acute coronary syndrome. Such patients exhibit high misdiagnosis and mortality rates. Exertional throat symptoms, chest tightness, perspiring, and dyspnea were important indicators of acute coronary syndrome in patients whose main complaint was throat discomfort. The awareness of this condition will result in prompt diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality.

关键词： acute coronary syndrome (ACS)     throat discomfort (TD)     throat pain     cardiology departments     non-cardiologic physicians    

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Clinical manifestations and outcomes in severe ulcerative colitis

YANG Xuesong, YAO Wei, LIU Wenbin, LI Jun, LU Yumin

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 192-195 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0036-0

摘要： In order to evaluate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of severe ulcerative colitis (UC), we retrospectively reviewed 41 patients with severe UC from 144 consecutively hospitalized UC cases from 1988 to 2004. Data recorded included onset, symptoms, signs, laboratory results, endoscopic, radiologic and pathologic findings, the clinical treatment process and follow-up. Of these severe cases, 92.7% (38/41) had pancolitis. Clinically, 36.9% (15/41) were categorized as first onset type, 36.9% (15/41) were chronic persistent and 26.8% (11/41) were chronic recurrent. Steroids played a main role in the remission of severe UC (61.0%). Thirty-one cases (75.6%) were relieved by drug therapy. Seven cases (17.1%) progressed to the need for operation. An early age of onset, pancolitis, low hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, and the need for intravenous steroids tended to be associated with the need for surgery. In conclusion, most of the severe UC patients respond well to drug therapy, but for individuals who are unresponsive to drug therapy, or for those depending on steroids, after a reasonable duration of treatment, the necessity for surgery should be considered.
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The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 388-431 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-0998-6

摘要： Metformin has been used for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for decades due to its safety, low cost, and outstanding hypoglycemic effect clinically. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are complex and still not fully understood. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex I is the most described downstream mechanism of metformin, leading to reduced ATP production and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Meanwhile, many novel targets of metformin have been gradually discovered. In recent years, multiple pre-clinical and clinical studies are committed to extend the indications of metformin in addition to diabetes. Herein, we summarized the benefits of metformin in four types of diseases, including metabolic associated diseases, cancer, aging and age-related diseases, neurological disorders. We comprehensively discussed the pharmacokinetic properties and the mechanisms of action, treatment strategies, the clinical application, the potential risk of metformin in various diseases. This review provides a brief summary of the benefits and concerns of metformin, aiming to interest scientists to consider and explore the common and specific mechanisms and guiding for the further research. Although there have been countless studies of metformin, longitudinal research in each field is still much warranted.

关键词： metformin     metabolism     cancer     aging     neurological disorder    

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Overexpression of netrin-1 improves neurological outcomes in mice following transient middle cerebral

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 86-93 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0118-x

摘要：

Netrin-1 (NT-1) is one of the axon-guiding molecules that are critical for neuronal development. Because of its structural homology to the endothelial mitogens, NT-1 may have similar effects on vascular network formation. NT-1 was shown to be able to stimulate the proliferation and migration of human cerebral endothelial cells in vitro and also promote focal neovascularization in adult brain in vivo. In the present study, we reported the delivery of NT-1 using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector (AAV-NT-1) into mouse brain followed by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). We found that AAV vectors did not elicit a detectable inflammatory response, cell loss or neuronal damage after brain transduction. The level of NT-1 was increased in the AAV-NT-1-transduced tMCAO mice compared with the control mice. Furthermore, the neurobehavioral outcomes were significantly improved in AAV-NT-1-transduced mice compared with the control animals (P<0.05) 7 days after tMCAO. Our data suggests that NT-1 plays a neuronal function recovery role in ischemic brain and that NT-1 gene transfer might present a valuable approach to treat brain ischemic disorders.

关键词： adeno-associated virus     angiogenesis     gene transfer     ischemia     middle cerebral artery occlusion     netrin-1    

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Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 776-785 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread around the world. However, approaches to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable COVID-19. A total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid RT-PCR testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be infected with other pathogens. Notably, no pathogen was detected in 43 (44.3%) patients. Among all patients, 25 (25.8%) had familial cluster exposure history, and 52 (53.6%) had one or more coexisting conditions. Fifteen (15.5%) patients were admitted or transferred to the PICU. In the 11 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 5 (45.5%) and 7 (63.6%) were positive for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. In 22 patients with suspected COVID-19, 1 (4.5%) was positive for IgG but negative for IgM. The most frequently detected pathogen was (29, 29.9%). One patient with confirmed COVID 19 died. Our results strongly indicated that the detection of asymptomatic COVID 19 or coexisting conditions must be strengthened in pediatric patients. These cases may be difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 unless etiologic analysis is conducted. A serologic test can be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases where SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly suspected but the nucleic acid test is negative.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     pediatrics     emergency     retrospective investigation     severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2    

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肠道菌群是调节神经系统功能紊乱的潜在靶点 Review

武万强, 孔庆敏, 田培郡, 翟齐啸, 王刚, 刘小鸣, 赵建新, 张灏, Yuan Kun Lee, 陈卫

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第4期   页码 415-423 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.026

摘要：

众所周知，肠道菌群在调节宿主生理功能方面具有重要作用，如调节免疫和代谢平衡。近年来，越来越多证据表明肠道菌群能够通过肠-脑轴调节中枢神经系统功能，这为研究肠道和大脑间的相互作用关系开辟了一条新路径。本文首先介绍了肠道菌群与大脑相互作用的肠–脑轴分子机制，以及肠道菌群失调引发的神经系统功能紊乱；然后介绍了调节肠道菌群失衡是干预神经系统功能紊乱的潜在策略，如益生菌、益生元、合生元以及饮食等干预措施。目前关于肠道菌群–肠–脑轴方面的研究尚处在起步阶段，但继续深入阐明肠道菌群调节神经系统功能的分子机制不仅能揭示神经系统功能紊乱的新型病理机制，而且能够为神经系统功能紊乱提供潜在的诊断标志物和干预策略。

关键词： 肠道菌群     肠-脑轴     神经系统功能紊乱     干预策略    

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包容性工程——借助工程技术发明为身体或精神障碍人士赋能

Peter T. Cummings, Philippe M. Fauchet, Michael Goldfarb, Martha W.M. Jones, Maithilee Kunda, Jonathan B. Perlin, Nilanjan Sarkar, Keivan G. Stassun, Zachary E. Warren, Karl E. Zelik

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第2期   页码 141-143 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.020

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19: potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion from

Zhengqian Li, Taotao Liu, Ning Yang, Dengyang Han, Xinning Mi, Yue Li, Kaixi Liu, Alain Vuylsteke, Hongbing Xiang, Xiangyang Guo

期刊论文

Atypical manifestations of acute coronary syndrome — throat discomfort: a multi-center observational

期刊论文

Clinical manifestations and outcomes in severe ulcerative colitis

YANG Xuesong, YAO Wei, LIU Wenbin, LI Jun, LU Yumin

期刊论文

The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases

期刊论文

Overexpression of netrin-1 improves neurological outcomes in mice following transient middle cerebral

null

期刊论文

Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

期刊论文

肠道菌群是调节神经系统功能紊乱的潜在靶点

武万强, 孔庆敏, 田培郡, 翟齐啸, 王刚, 刘小鸣, 赵建新, 张灏, Yuan Kun Lee, 陈卫

期刊论文

包容性工程——借助工程技术发明为身体或精神障碍人士赋能

Peter T. Cummings, Philippe M. Fauchet, Michael Goldfarb, Martha W.M. Jones, Maithilee Kunda, Jonathan B. Perlin, Nilanjan Sarkar, Keivan G. Stassun, Zachary E. Warren, Karl E. Zelik

期刊论文